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　　新冠病毒疫情英語(yǔ)作文知識(shí)點(diǎn)，閱讀理解解析1

　　【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

　　冠狀病毒(coronavirus)是一類主要引起呼吸道、腸道疾病(respiratory and intestinal diseases)的病原體。這類病毒顆粒的表面有許多規(guī)則排列的突起(a fringe of bulbous surface projections )，整個(gè)病毒顆粒就像一頂?shù)弁醯幕使?royal crown)，因此得名“冠狀病毒”。冠狀病毒除人類以外，還可感染豬、牛、貓、犬、貂、駱駝、蝙蝠、老鼠、刺猬等多種哺乳動(dòng)物以及多種鳥類(mammals and birds)。

　　【關(guān)于新型冠狀病毒】

　　2019-nCoV, as it's been labelled, is understood to be a new strain of coronavirus that has not previously been identified in humans.

　　這種新型冠狀病毒(2019-nCoV)此前未在人類身上發(fā)現(xiàn)過。

　　Coronaviruses are a broad family of viruses, but only six (the new one would make it seven) are known to infect people.

　　冠狀病毒是一個(gè)龐大的病毒家族，目前已知會(huì)感染人類的有六種(新發(fā)現(xiàn)的這種是第七種)。

　　【相關(guān)詞匯】

　　新型冠狀病毒 novel coronavirus / new strain of coronavirus

　　呼吸道疾病 respiratory diseases

　　禽流感病毒 avian influenza virus

　　密切接觸者 close contacts

　　潛伏期 incubation period

　　疑似病例 suspected case

　　確診病例 confirmed case

　　得肺炎 get/catch pneumonia

　　接受醫(yī)學(xué)觀察 under medical observation

　　流行病學(xué)調(diào)查 epidemiological investigation

　　病毒爆發(fā) virus outbreak

　　遏制疫情爆發(fā) contain the outbreak

　　嚴(yán)格隔離政策 strict isolation policy

　　攜帶病毒 carrying the virus

　　超級(jí)傳染源 superspreader

　　醫(yī)療費(fèi)用報(bào)銷 reimbursement for medical expenses

　　中國(guó)大部分地區(qū)口罩供應(yīng)緊張 tight supplies in large areas of China

　　人傳人 human-to-human transmission

　　醫(yī)務(wù)人員感染 infection of medical worker

　　【相關(guān)報(bào)道】

　　Scientists believe an animal source is "the most likely primary source" but that some human-to-human transmission has occurred.

　　科學(xué)家認(rèn)為動(dòng)物是“最有可能的初始感染源”，不過，也有一些人傳人的病例。

　　Signs of infection include respiratory symptoms, fever, cough, shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.

　　感染癥狀包括：呼吸道癥狀，發(fā)燒，咳嗽，呼吸短促，呼吸困難等。

　　近期，湖北省武漢市等多個(gè)地區(qū)發(fā)生新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎疫情。

　　【閱讀理解】

　　A new Chinese coronavirus, a cousin of the SARS virus, has infected more than 1000 people since the outbreak (爆發(fā)) began in Wuhan, China, in December. Scientist Leo Poon, who first decoded the virus, thinks it likely started in an animal and spread to humans.

　　"What we know is it causes pneumonia (肺炎) and then doesn't respond to antibiotic(抗生素) treatment, which is not surprising, but then in terms of mortality (死亡率), SARS kills 10% of the individuals," Poon, a virologist(病毒學(xué)家) at the School of Public Health at The University of Hong Kong, said.

　　The World Health Organization offered guidance to countries on how they can prepare for it, including how to monitor for the sick and how to treat patients.

　　Here are seven things you should know about a coronavirus.

　　What is a coronavirus

　　Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic[?z????n??t?k](人畜共患病), meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　Coronavirus symptoms(癥狀)

　　The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild(輕度) to moderate(中度) upper respiratory tract illness(上呼吸道疾病), similar to a common cold. Coronavirus symptoms include a runny nose, cough, sore throat, possibly a headache and maybe a fever, which can last for a couple of days.

　　For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia or bronchitis [br???ka?t?s](支氣管炎).

　　There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly.

　　Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(中東呼吸綜合征), also known as the MERS virus, was first reported in the Middle East in 2012 and also causes respiratory problems, but those symptoms are much more severe. Three to four out of every 10 patients infected with MERS died, according to the CDC.

　　Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合征), also known as SARS, is the other coronavirus that can cause more severe symptoms. First identified in the Guangdong province in southern China, according to the WHO, it causes respiratory problems but can also cause diarrhea [?da???ri?](腹瀉), fatigue (疲勞), shortness of breath, respiratory distress (呼吸窘迫) and kidney failure (腎衰). Depending on the patient's age, the death rate with SARS ranged from 0-50% of the cases, with older people being the most vulnerable.

　　How it spreads

　　Viruses can spread from human contact with animals. Scientists think MERS started in camels, according to the WHO. With SARS, scientists suspected civet cats (貍貓) were to blame.

　　When it comes to human-to-human transmission of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with the infected person's secretions [s??kri??(?)n](分泌物).

　　Depending on how virulent [?v?r?l?nt] (有毒的)the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause exposure. The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes. Caregivers (護(hù)理人員) can sometimes be exposed by handling a patient's waste, according to the CDC.

　　文章翻譯

　　一種新的中國(guó)冠狀病毒，是SARS病毒的一個(gè)堂兄弟，自去年12月在中國(guó)武漢爆發(fā)以來，已經(jīng)感染了1000多人?？茖W(xué)家LeoPoon首先破譯了這種病毒，他認(rèn)為它很可能是從動(dòng)物身上開始傳播到人類身上的。香港大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院的病毒學(xué)專家Poon說：“我們知道這會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺炎(PoT)，然后對(duì)抗生素治療無效，這并不奇怪，但就死亡率而言，SARS殺死了10%的個(gè)體。” 世界衛(wèi)生組織向各國(guó)提供了如何做好準(zhǔn)備的指導(dǎo)，包括如何監(jiān)測(cè)病人和如何治療病人。

　　關(guān)于冠狀病毒你應(yīng)該知道七件事。

　　什么是冠狀病毒

　　冠狀病毒是一大類常見于動(dòng)物的病毒。據(jù)美國(guó)疾病控制和預(yù)防中心稱，在極少數(shù)情況下，它們是科學(xué)家所稱的人畜共患疾病，也就是說它們可以從動(dòng)物傳染給人類。

　　冠狀病毒癥狀

　　這種病毒能使人生病，通常是輕微(或中度)上呼吸道疾病，類似于普通感冒。冠狀病毒的癥狀包括流鼻涕、咳嗽、喉嚨痛，可能是頭痛，也可能是發(fā)燒，持續(xù)幾天。對(duì)于那些免疫系統(tǒng)弱的人，老年人和非常年輕的人來說，病毒有可能引起一種較低、更嚴(yán)重的呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支氣管炎。

　　有一些人類冠狀病毒已知是致命的。

　　中東呼吸綜合征(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome，簡(jiǎn)稱MERS病毒)于2012年在中東首次報(bào)道，也會(huì)引起呼吸系統(tǒng)問題，但這些癥狀要嚴(yán)重得多。疾控中心稱，每10名感染MERS的患者中就有3至4人死亡。

　　嚴(yán)重急性呼吸綜合征(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome，簡(jiǎn)稱SARS)是另一種能引起更嚴(yán)重癥狀的冠狀病毒。據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織稱，首次發(fā)現(xiàn)于中國(guó)南方的廣東省，它會(huì)引起呼吸系統(tǒng)問題，但也會(huì)引起腹瀉、疲勞、呼吸急促、呼吸窘迫和腎衰竭。根據(jù)病人的年齡，SARS的死亡率在0-50%之間，其中老年人最易感染。

　　如何傳播

　　病毒可以從人類與動(dòng)物的接觸中傳播。據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，MERS是從駱駝開始的。對(duì)于非典，科學(xué)家們懷疑是麝香貓引起的。當(dāng)涉及到人與人之間的病毒傳播時(shí)，通常發(fā)生在有人接觸到受感染者的分泌物時(shí)。

　　根據(jù)病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打噴嚏或握手都可能導(dǎo)致暴露。這種病毒也可以通過觸摸被感染者觸摸過的東西，然后觸摸你的嘴、鼻子或眼睛來傳播。根據(jù)疾病預(yù)防控制中心(CDC)的說法，醫(yī)務(wù)人員有時(shí)可以通過處理病人的廢物來暴露自己。

　　評(píng)分原則:

　　1.本題總分為20分，按5個(gè)檔次給分。

　　2.評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量初步確定其檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次,最后給分。

　　3.評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)考慮:內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)的完整性、上下文的連貫、詞匯和句式的多樣性及語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性。

　　4.拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或書寫影響內(nèi)容表達(dá)時(shí)，應(yīng)視其影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。

　　5.詞數(shù)少于60， 從總分中減去1分。

　　一、

　　寫作要求：

　　假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Amy來信詢問有關(guān)武漢新型冠狀病毒(novel coronavirus)的情況。

　　請(qǐng)你給Amy回信，內(nèi)容包括：1. 新型冠狀病毒簡(jiǎn)況;2. 應(yīng)對(duì)措施;3. 是否有信心戰(zhàn)勝病毒。

　　注意：

　　詞數(shù)100左右;

　　可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

　　優(yōu)秀范文：

　　Dear Amy,

　　It is so considerate of you to receive your letter inquiring about novel cononavirus in wuhan. I am writing to tell you about this.

　　Since the outbreak of an infectious disease in wuhan in December 2019, the Chinese government has decisively closed down the city to prevent the spread of the disease. At the same time, although cases have been found throughout the country, the Chinese people actively face it, together with wuhan to fight the epidemic.

　　At this particular time, we should go out as little as possible, isolated. If we go out, we must wear protective masks to prevent ourselves from getting infected. In addition, we should keep good healthy habits and keep our body clean.

　　As many Chinese say, “come on Wuhan".

　　Yours, Li Hua

　　親愛的艾米,

　　我很高興收到你的來信，詢問有關(guān)武漢新型冠狀病毒的事情。在此我寫信想告訴你這些。自2019年12月起武漢爆發(fā)傳染性疫情以來，為了防止疫情惡行傳播，中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)果斷封鎖武漢。與此同時(shí)，雖然全國(guó)各地也陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)病例，但中國(guó)人民積極面對(duì)，與武漢共同抗疫。

　　在這特殊時(shí)刻，我們盡量少外出，自我隔離。如果外出，我們務(wù)必要戴好防護(hù)口罩，防止自己被感染。另外，我們應(yīng)該保持良好的健康習(xí)慣，勤清潔。

　　正如很多中國(guó)人說的“武漢加油”，我們相信我們一定能戰(zhàn)勝疫情!

　　你的李華

　　二、

　　寫作要求：

　　2019年的冬天，一種新型冠狀病毒(the pneumonia epidemic )在武漢華南海鮮市場(chǎng)滋生，悄然從野生動(dòng)物傳染給人類。據(jù)央視新聞客戶端消息，截至2020年1月29日24時(shí)，我國(guó)已累計(jì)報(bào)告新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎確診病例7711例，死亡170例。新型冠狀病毒疫情在武漢早期確診的病例，與武漢華南海鮮市場(chǎng)關(guān)系很密切。調(diào)查顯示，此前在海鮮市場(chǎng)中有非法售賣野生動(dòng)物現(xiàn)象。人類生存離不開野生動(dòng)物，但現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中野生動(dòng)物被捕食或作他用比比皆是。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下表格寫篇Protecting Wild Animals的英語(yǔ)作文。

　　素材要點(diǎn)：

　　描述問題

　　野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量下降，越來越多的野生動(dòng)物瀕危，甚至永久消失

　　分析問題

　　1.獵殺野生動(dòng)物皮毛用以制作衣服，生態(tài)平衡遭破壞2.食用野生動(dòng)物還容易引發(fā)傳染病(epedemic),如SARS病毒、新冠狀病毒等)

　　建議

　　1. 建立自然保護(hù)區(qū) 2. 拒絕野味 3…

　　1.寫作應(yīng)包括表格及文字等各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。2.為使寫作流暢,在不影響主題表達(dá)完整準(zhǔn)確的前提下,允許必要的增減與發(fā)揮。3.詞數(shù)100左右。

　　優(yōu)秀范文：

　　Since the pneumonia epidemic broke out in Wuhan in December, the number of people infected and patients who have died keep climbing. It is reported that the epidemic has something to do with the killing and selling of wild animals at South China Seafood Market. With the decrease of wild animals, many animals are endangered. Worse still,some of them may disappear forever.

　　There is no doubt that hunting and killing wild animals has a bad influence. For wild animals are killed for their fur, which causes the imbalance of nature. For another, due to the contact between humans and wild animals, epidemics like SARS and pneumonia may infect humans easily.

　　As far as I am concerned, something must be done to stop this illegal action. First, Nature Reserves are supposed to be built so as to offer more living space to wildlife. Second, be aware that never have wild animals for food, as they are part of environment. Third, it is high timethat we raised people’s awareness to protect wildlife. In this way, we can build a harmonious society and ensure a sustainable development.

　　新冠病毒疫情英語(yǔ)作文知識(shí)點(diǎn)，閱讀理解解析2

　　感謝信

　　假定你是李華，你所在的山西國(guó)際學(xué)校要征集一封英文感謝信，以致意奮戰(zhàn)在抗擊新型冠狀病毒肺炎第一線的醫(yī)護(hù)人員，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下列要點(diǎn)寫一封信用于投稿。

　　1. 表達(dá)謝意;2. 個(gè)人感受;3. 表達(dá)信心。

　　注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫;3.開頭語(yǔ)和結(jié)束語(yǔ)已為你寫好。

　　參考詞匯：流行病epidemic 疫情 epidemic situation 新型冠狀病毒 novel corona virus

　　Dear Medical workers，

　　I am Li Hua,a high middle school student in Shanxi. I m writing to express sincere gratitude to you all for your devotion and sacrifice in this battle against the Novel Corona Virus.

　　In this epidemic, it is you who, despite the lack of equipment and the potential of infection, desperately rescue those infected but striving for life. It is also you who have shed new light on the virus with expertise to build up our confidence to defeat it. It is you who deserve all the admiration and love!

　　I can never express our thankfulness too much for your selfless contribution. It s widely believed that our joint efforts China will win the battle and make a quick recovery.

　　Good luck and stay well!

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Hua

　　新冠病毒疫情英語(yǔ)作文知識(shí)點(diǎn)，閱讀理解解析3

　　介紹鐘南山

　　高考書面表達(dá)第一篇?？碱}材通?？键c(diǎn)是有關(guān)人物介紹。此題所涉及的人物是大家非常熟悉的鐘南山，同時(shí)也是國(guó)人追逐的偶像。每個(gè)學(xué)生都能夠有話可說，大家對(duì)其應(yīng)該比較感興趣，符合新高考英語(yǔ)科目的命題方向。

　　請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面的提示，用英語(yǔ)對(duì)鐘南山作簡(jiǎn)單介紹，寫一篇150至200詞的英語(yǔ)作文。

　　1.鐘南山，1936年10月出生于南京，是21世紀(jì)最出名的醫(yī)學(xué)家之一。

　　2.1953年，就讀于廣東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué);1960年，畢業(yè)于北京醫(yī)學(xué)院并留校任教。

　　3.在首屆全國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，鐘南山奪得男子400米欄冠軍，創(chuàng)造了當(dāng)時(shí)的全國(guó)紀(jì)錄。

　　4.2003年春，SARS在中國(guó)和世界爆發(fā)，以鐘南山為代表的醫(yī)護(hù)工作者經(jīng)長(zhǎng)期努力,抗擊了非典;2004年，鐘南山被評(píng)為“感動(dòng)中國(guó)2003年度”十大人物之一。

　　5.他在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域工作60多年，是一位受國(guó)人尊敬的好醫(yī)生。

　　注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右;2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

　　Dr. Zhong Nanshan was born in October 1936 in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. He is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. He studied at Guangdong experimental high school in 1953 and graduated from Beijing Medical College in 1960. In the first Chinese National Games, Zhong Nanshan got the championship of the men s 400m Hurdles and set up a National record at that time.

　　In the spring of 2003，the SARS epidemic broke out in China and across the globe. Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the battle against SARS. At that time no one really knew much about SARS and most people had no natural defenses against the disease.Dangerous as it was,Zhong Nanshan worked hard day and night treating the patients.Through their hard work for several months, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved remarkable result. Soon the SARS epidemic was stopped in its track.

　　Zhong Nanshan was awarded one of the top ten people moving China in 2004. He has been working in the medical field for over 60 years. He is a good doctor in the countrymen eyes and respected by all the people in China.

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